My Purple Elephant Story

My Stuffed Elephant From Childhood

Those who know me well know that I have a great affinity for elephants. They may not know, however, when and how the seeds of that affinity were first sown. Though it is possible that the majesty and beauty of the largest of land mammals would, perchance, have been sufficient to attract my admiration, I have a childhood story – My Purple Elephant Story – which explains my especial affinity for elephants.

When I was in second grade, I attended Market Street Elementary School. My teacher was Mrs. Workman. She was a very pleasant teacher and generally kind, as I remember. I also recall that she allowed us, after we completed in-class assignments, to go to the back of the room to play quietly in the play area, which had items such as sculpting clay.

One day, we had an art assignment which, for me, consisted of coloring in an elephant. Well, I wanted to complete that assignment as quickly as possible so that I could go to the back of the room and use my imagination shaping the sculpting clay. So, as I recall, I grabbed a purple crayon and quickly scribbled -without much regard to the lines delineating where the elephant began and where he ended – all over the page. I then thrust my hand in the air to signal to Mrs. Workman that she should come over to see that I had finished my assignment and release me to the back of the room. Well, my scheme did not work out as I had planned. Mrs. Workman came over to inspect my work. She took a gander at it, picked it up, called my classmates’ attention to it, and said that she was disappointed in my work and that her preschooler could do better work. Needless to say, I was not released to the back of the room. But, I had learned multiple valuable lessons that day. Lessons that I appreciated and embraced: always do your best for you never know with whom your work will be shared (equally, do your best for yourself alone); embarrassment is generally a useless emotion; and shame can be a constructive emotion.

Although I know many would disapprove of Mrs. Workman’s method of addressing my failure to appropriately address the assignment, I am grateful to her and the lessons she imparted to me that day. The lessons I walked away with from that interaction have served me exceedingly well for the past five decades. Though I was ashamed of my performance on my assignment (and well I should have been), I did not cry at the exposure of my substandard work, nor did go home and complain to my Mother about what had happened in class. Finally, I did not shrivel up in embarrassment at what my classmates may have thought about my work. Rather, I resolved that going forward, I would always do my assignments as if they were being done for all to see. (Interestingly, this was a message re-enforced to me by my Grandpa Yarab a decade later when discussing painting. He told me that when painting furniture or fences or trellises, one should paint the portions which will never been seen by anyone just as one would paint the portions that would be seen, just to do the job the right way, always.)

Now, a few words about shame versus embarrassment. There is a world of difference between the two. Shame is defined as a painful emotion caused by consciousness of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety. It is internal to the person and, I believe, can be a morally constructive force. Shame does not need witnesses to be activated. It serves as an internal motivation to proper conduct. It differs from embarrassment in that embarrassment is an emotional state that is associated with mild to severe levels of discomfort which is usually experienced when someone commits a socially unacceptable or frowned-upon act that is witnessed by or revealed to others. It is rarely a morally constructive force in and of itself. If you are only pained when witnesses are about, you are a lost soul.

Thus, My Purple Elephant Story, while ostensibly a story of embarrassment, is really a story of a different sort. I recognized, in hindsight, that I acted shamefully in completing the assignment, and committed to not doing so again. As such, I view it as a positive and instructive experience in my life rather than one that many would perhaps view as mortifying or unfortunate. So rather than remembering the Purple Elephant as a story to be forgotten as traumatizing, I remember it as a story of betterment.

Oh, and how did the year progress with Mrs. Workman? I recently found a midyear note and an end of year note from Mrs. Workman to my Mother. In the midyear note Mrs. Workman said the following: “I’ll keep reminding Donald to to work more carefully and slowly. I feel he’s come a long way this year.” In the end of year note she said: “I have been very pleased with Donald’s progress this year. I feel he’s been trying very hard and shown he can do the work. He has been a pleasure to have in class.” A Purple Elephant apparently did the trick.

Guidance for Life from T.S. Elliot

The last temptation is the greatest treason: To do the right deed for the wrong reason.

T.S. Eliot, Murder in the Cathedral

When I was in junior high school, I read voraciously whatever interesting tomes I was able to get my hands on at garage sales, from the library, or from discount bins at the stores. There was no particular rhyme nor reason to what would make its way into my hands, but I was fortunate that some fine books occasionally did. I do remember that at one point I wrote down on a piece of paper a number of lines from several of the books that I considered most instructive to me as a budding young man. I folded that paper many times and placed it carefully in my wallet so that it could accompany me through life. And it did as it remained in that wallet, which became quite battered, for many, many years. If I recall correctly, that battered piece of paper remained in my wallet through law school and into the first years of my employment as a federal civil rights attorney. One of the quotes included on that paper, and which made the greatest impression upon me throughout my life, was the line quoted above, which is from T.S. Elliot’s Murder in the Cathedral. In the play the line was spoken by St. Thomas Becket.

T.S. Elliot (1934)

Because I read Murder in the Cathedral, over the many decades of my life, I have often paused to reflect upon my motivations before performing deeds for which I might be credited by others to ensure that I was appropriately and well-motivated. And, in truth, when I have found that I was “ill-motivated,” in whole or in part, I have sought to purge, as well as I could, the treason from my soul.

Upon reflection, I consider myself fortunate that I stumbled – for surely it was happenstance itself –upon this lesson at so early an age to guide me through life. For virtuous actions stained by improper motive would be weighed deficient, indeed, in the final accounting.

Words to Live By – Thomas à Kempis

Study also to guard against and to overcome the faults which in others very frequently displease you.  Make the best of every opportunity, so that if you see or hear good example you may be moved to imitate it.  On the other hand, take care lest you be guilty of those things which you consider reprehensible, or if you have ever been guilty of them, try to correct yourself as soon as possible.  As you see others, so they see you.

 Thomas à Kempis in De Imitatione Christi
Thomas à Kempis
Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471AD), canon, author, and scribe.

An Attractive Silver Didrachm of the Greek Colony of Selinus in Sicily with a Crane on the Reverse

AR Didrachm from Greek colony of Selinus in Sicily (c. 450BC). Obv: Inscription, Hercules about to club the Cretan bull. Rev: Inscription above, River-god Hypsas sacrifices at altar with serpent coiled around it; at right selinon (celery) leaf above crane.  ANS 1957.172.629. American Numismatic Society.

Yarab is an Anglicized spelling of the Slovak surname Jaráb.  It is a zoonym, which is a name of an animal.  That animal is a crane, for in 19th century Slovak Jaráb is akin to the Czech word jeřáb, which means crane. Accordingly, when I happened across the the above coin from Selinus, depicting a crane on its reverse, I had to learn a little bit more about the history of Selinus and the imagery appearing on this stunning coin.

Map of Magna Graecia

Selinus is located on the south-west coast of Sicily and, according to  Thucydides, was founded in 628BC by Greek colonists from Megara Hyblaea, a Greek colony on the eastern side of Sicily. It was the most western Greek colony on Sicily and one of the first Greek colonies in Sicily to issue coins.

The colony covered a large and well-planned urban and sacred area. The sacred area is reputed to have had ten separate temples dating from the 6th to 5th century BC. The Temple of Hera is amongst the city’s most famous ruins.

The World History Encyclopedia article on Selinus records that the city was completely redesigned between 580-570BC and that the city is one of the best examples of ancient town planning. It also notes that indicators of the city’s wealth were the presence of a theatre, its prolific mint, and its satellite colonies (such as Eraclea Minoa, established in 570 BC).

Selinus allied itself with Carthage in 480BC and was often at war with rival city Segesta on the northern coast of the island. Although initially ruled by an oligarchy, Selinus was governed by tyrants throughout the 5th century BC. Selinus was sacked by Carthage in 409BC after Hannibal besieged the city for nine days; some 16,000 of the city’s inhabitants were slain after the city fell. The city was rebuilt by the Syracusan exile Hermocrates, but was under Carthaginian control in the 4th century BC. During the first Punic War (264-241BC), the city was abandoned.

Selinus AR Didrachm of the general type struck between c.570-470BC. Selinus (celery) leaf/incuse square divided. ANS 1987.76.32 American Numismatic Society

As mentioned above, Selinus was among the the first cities to strike coins in Sicily. In Greek Coinages of Southern Italy and Sicily, N.K. Rutter records that “the obverse of the first coins had a canting type represent the name of the city in a visual form: a leaf of the celery plant, selinon in Greek, mostly presented in a stylized way with three parts, a central frond supported by a frond on either side. Later versions of the leaf are more complex. The reverse bears an incuse square, on the earlier issues divided into triangles, usually with raised and depressed sections” (p. 102). These types may have been struck from c. 530 -470BC.

The coin which is of especial interest to this post, however, was struck c.450BC and was of a very different type. Of this type, Rutter says the following (pp. 138-139):

Reverse of Selinus AR didrachm (c. 450BC). Reverse: Hypsas, river-god, standing, sacrificing over altar with entwined serpent, to right selinon (celery) leaf over crane. ANS 1957.172.629 American Numismatic Society

“A little later, perhaps around 450, Selinus revived the minting activity that it seems to have abandoned around the time of the Carthaginian attack in 480 (or perhaps a decade later) with a series of coins rich in religious imagery and references to local cults. … On earlier coins of Selinus a leaf of the celery plant had been the main type, now it is merely a small symbol in the field. The didrachms repeat the theme of sacrifice on the reverse – performed now by Hypsas the other river-god of Selinus – while the obverse shows Heracles fighting the Cretan bull: the hero brandishes his club in his right hand, while with his left he seizes one of the bull’s horns. The cult of Heracles is well-attested at Selinus and had a special interest for its citizens: it linked them to Argos, home of the dynasty that gave birth to Heracles, and also to Cnossos in Crete, where the hero had performed one of his celebrated labors.”

For those unfamiliar, Eurystheus’s demand that Heracles capture and bring the Cretan bull to him alive was the Seventh Labor of Heracles. It was a labor easily accomplished. See Apollodorus. The Library, Volume I: Books 1-3.9. Translated by James G. Frazer. Loeb Classical Library 121. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1921. pp. 198-201 or, perhaps more readily available, see The Labors of Hercules.

Regarding the bird appearing on the reverse of this type and identified as a crane (which it is currently identified as in most references and databases (such as the American Numismatic Society’s database) and most trade offerings (see various offerings as recorded in coinarchives.com and acsearch.info), it was first identified as a crane as early as 1876 in the British Museum catalogue. But this identification was not unchallenged, apparently. For a period, numismatists, being uncertain, identified the bird simply as a marsh bird, and then were prone to identify it as a heron or egret. See pp. 90-91 of the following article for a discussion of this issue: Lloyd, A. H. “THE COIN TYPES OF SELINUS AND THE LEGEND OF EMPEDOCLES.” The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, vol. 15, no. 58, 1935, pp. 73–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42664348. Accessed 14 Aug. 2021.

However, cranes have been present in western Sicily recently (e.g. most recently in the Trapani salt marshes, an area not too distant from ancient Selinus), and have been present in western Sicily historically, and there should be no reason to doubt the initial identification of the “marsh bird” on the coin’s reverse as a crane. See Masseti, Marco. “The lost cranes of the island of Lampedusa (Italy).” Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, vol. 86 (I), 2016, pp. 49-54.