The Voice in the Dust: A Lament for Thersites


400-500AD, found in Egypt. Wooden board (with iron handle for hanging) with Greek inscription of lines 468-473 from Book I of Homer's Iliad.  © The Trustees of the British Museum.
400-500AD, found in Egypt. Wooden board (with iron handle for hanging) with Greek inscription of lines 468-473 from Book I of Homer’s Iliad. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence.

The lament that follows was born of an essay I penned after re-reading The Iliad through the figure of Thersites: truth-speaker, scapegoat, silenced. Where the essay names the mechanisms—divine deceit, aristocratic coercion, popular complicity—the mythic poem strives to give breath to that silenced voice through Antipseudes of Elis, a fictive low-born warrior who speaks from within the wound of the epic itself. Against the degradations of later tradition—most starkly in Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica, where Thersites is struck down in rage by his companion-in-arms Achilles, not in duel nor battle but unjustly, unarmed, unready, and unaware, and then buried in the earth rather than burned upon a pyre, in defiance of Achaean custom—the lament restores what Homer only intimates: that the truth-speaker saw clearly, and that to remember him, and the vision he bore, is the conscience of witness. Thersites’ voice, mocked in antiquity, is recognized belatedly by thinkers such as Hegel and Nietzsche.


The Lament of Antipseudes of Elis

After the Fall of Troy of the High Walls

“What glory is this, that tastes of ash and allotted fate?”

I. The Weight of Victory

Ten winters I carried this spear,
ten summers I dreamed of home—

the olive grove behind my father’s house,
the way morning light fell
across my wife’s sleeping face.

Now Troy burns behind us,
her towers cracked
like broken teeth,

and the wind carries the smell
of what the immortals and kings call victory:
blood and smoke,
the stench of the fallen.

They say we have victory.
They say our names will echo
through the halls of distant kings,

that singers will sing of this day
when the world was young.

But we—nameless before kings and heroes,
we who bore the spears,
we who remember our companions—

we think of Phegaios,
who fell at the Scaean Gate,
beneath the shadow
of the consecrated beech,

his shield-arm shattered,
calling for his mother
as the light left his eyes.

What song will remember
that he loved to carve small birds from olive wood,
that he wept the night before battle—

not from fear, but from beauty;
the way starlight fell
on the wine-dark sea,
too lovely for a world
that would end him tomorrow?

II. The Kings’ Glory

Agamemnon stands proud
upon the battlements,
his bronze breastplate catching
the flame-light of the city.

He speaks of destiny,
of honor served,
of the gods’ will made manifest
in spear-point and sword-edge.

But what did Helen know
of our ten years’ dying?
What did she dream
in Priam’s halls

while we bled the earth black
beneath Troy’s walls?

Was her face worth
Patroklos, torn and broken?
Worth Hector’s son,
dashed against the stones?
Worth the thousand
nameless sons
who will never see
their fathers’ fields again?

The kings divide the spoils—
gold and bronze,
slaves and chariots,
of a broken world.

But they cannot divide
the weight that settles
in a warrior’s chest

when men no longer fall,
and the silence gapes
like a wound
across the blood-soaked plain.

III. What the Dead Know

In the grey hour before dawn
we walked among the pyres
where our companions burned.

Their smoke rose straight
into the windless sky,
and we thought: here is truth—

not in the golden masks of heroes,
not in the songs
that will outlive our bones,
but in this.

Not only kings waged war at Troy,
nor only the heroes
whose names the singers will praise.
These also bore the spear,
or fell in dust:

Phegaios of the beech,
who fell at the Scaean Gate
beneath the sacred tree, calling for his mother
as the bronze pierced his side.

Echelaos of Argos, new to war,
who upheld the host
but died clutching a lock of hair
cut from his sister’s head—
a pledge never delivered.

Lēthios the forgetful,
the goatherd’s son, barely bearded,
who drowned in his own blood
until Thersites drew him forth,
yet lived to forget
the hand that saved him.

And I—Antipseudes of Elis,
opposer of lies—
who live to speak the lament
of the nameless many.

What do the dead know
that we, the living, have forgotten?
What wisdom lies
in their silence?

Perhaps this:
that glory is a word
spoken by those who were not there

when the bronze bit deep,
when the earth drank its fill of young blood,
when the horses screamed
and would not be comforted.

Perhaps this:
that a man’s worth is not measured
in the length of his shadow
cast by the pyre-flames,

but in the small kindnesses—
the water shared,
the wound bound,
the hand held
in the dark hour
before the last battle
where men meet their fate.

IV. The Voice We Silenced

I remember Thersites.

Not his name—no one
speaks his name now,
though once it rang across the ranks
like bronze on bronze,
clear and true and terrible.

He was ugly, yes—
twisted-legged, sharp-voiced,
the kind of man whom kings saw not,
though he stood before them.

But when he spoke
that day in the ninth year,
when Agamemnon deceived us,
pretending to release us
only to test our hearts—

Thersites alone,
voice of the low-born,
truth-speaker,
spoke what we all knew:

What share have we
in Atreus’ son’s portion?
Why must our bones
bleach white on the Scamandrian plain,
while he grows fat
on Trojan plunder?

The words hung
like loosed arrows
trembling in the morning air.

For one bright moment
we saw ourselves clearly:
not heroes,
not bearers of glory,
but flesh offered up
to feed another’s pride.

Then Odysseus rose—
Odysseus the much-turning,
whose counsels coiled like serpents in the dust,
whose tongue bore honey and venom both—

and did not quarrel.
He beat him.
Beat him bloody
with the royal scepter
while we—gods forgive us—
we laughed.

We laughed,
but the gods had blinded us.
We cast his voice into dust,
and cheered the silencing
of the truth-speaker,
as fate compelled.

Had we listened,
had we sailed that day—
Hector would breathe still,
Achilles would grow old
in Phthia’s fields,
Priam’s grandson
would chase shadows
through Troy’s unfallen towers.

But we chose laughter.
We chose the war.
We chose to die
rather than hear
what the ugly man dared to say:

that we were fools,
that we were cattle,
that our lives meant less to our kings
than the bronze in their coffers.

But listen—Thersites died
not as the coward Odysseus made him seem,
not cowering in his tent
or fleeing from the fray.

He died on the day Patroklos fell,
that day of ruin
when the Greeks were driven back to the ships,
when bronze points flashed like lightning
and the sand drank rivers of blood.

The field was chaos and screaming—
chariots overturned, horses mad with terror,
shields splintered, spears shivered,
and men cried out
for mothers no longer living.

In that storm of ruin,
young Lēthios—barely bearded,
homesick for his goats—
took a spear through the lung
and lay drowning in his blood.

No king was watching.
No god took note.

The hour was desperate,
the deed unheroic:
Thersites crawling through the bodies,
hauling the boy
across the bloody sand
while the clash of bronze roared about him.

The boy lived.
Lives still, perhaps,
somewhere in Argos,
telling his young sons and daughters
stories of the war,
never speaking the name
of the man who dragged him
from the edge of death.

And Thersites?
A Trojan blade found his heart
as he shielded the boy’s retreat.

He made no sound—
no cry for help,
no call to glory,
no final words
for singers to polish
into verses of bronze.

He simply fell,
face-down in the bloody sand,
his truth-telling mouth
stopped with earth.

We burned him
on a common pyre
with a dozen others—
companions-in-arms
whose names the smoke carried skyward
and scattered on the wind,
whose deeds no singer
will praise before kings.

But we remember:

the man who spoke against the war
died saving a life,
not for glory,
not for honor,
not for the gold of distant kingdoms,
but because a boy was drowning in his blood
and someone had to act.

What share have we
in Atreus’ son’s portion?

The question follows us
like a shade,
unanswered still,

though half our number—
Thersites among them—
perished on the soil of Ilium
some mourned, some forgotten,
some remembered only by the wind.

V. The Long Road Home

Tomorrow we sail
for the wine-dark waters of home.

Some speak of wives and children
waiting at the harbor,
of olive groves heavy with fruit,
of wine that tastes of peace.

But we have seen too much
to believe in simple homecomings.

The men who left for Troy ten years past
lie buried somewhere
beneath the walls we have torn down,
buried with the voice of Thersites,
buried with the truth
we cast into dust.

What strangers wear their faces now?
What shades return
to sit at ancestral tables,
to hold the hands we knew,
to feign that time and blood
and the weight of blood
have not cut deep furrows
in their hearts?

The ships wait,
black-hulled against the morning light.
The oars are ready,
the sails hang slack
as old skin.

But before we go,
let me speak this truth
into the ashes
of the fallen city:

We came for glory.
We found only
that men die
as simply as leaves
fall in autumn—

and that we ourselves
chose to silence
the one voice
that might have stopped the falling.

We came as heroes.
We leave as vessels of sorrow
too burdened for song,
too grievous for memory.

What is victory
but the bitter wine
pressed from the grapes
of other men’s grief?

What is honor
but a name
we press upon our wounds
to make them
bearable?

And what are we—
who cheered the beating of the truth-speaker,
who chose war,
who laughed
as wisdom bled into the dust?

Epilogue: The Warrior’s Prayer

Hear me, immortals,
who sent us forth
to toil in war,
who moved our hands
to this dark work—

grant us this:

Not that our names
be remembered
in bronze and stone,
not that singers
will sing our deeds
to unborn kings—

But that when we pass
to Hades’ shadowed halls,
where our fathers dwell,
the dead will forgive us
the price we laid
upon their dying.

Grant that the shadows
of Troy’s children
will not follow us
across the wine-dark sea.

Grant that the blood we spilled here
will not cry out
from every field we pass.

And if you must remember us,
remember this:

that we learned too late
the weight of bronze,
the true cost of kingdoms,
the sacrifice of war.

The ships call.
The wind rises.

Troy burns behind us
like a star
falling into the dark.

We are going home.
We are going home
changed.

Reading the Iliad Again: The Voice of Reason in an Age of Manipulation

After countless readings of various translations of Homer’s Iliad, certain passages can suddenly leap from the page with startling clarity. It can feel as if I am encountering them for the first time. Such was my experience with the incident regarding Thersites in Book 2, brought into sharp focus by Emily Wilson’s brilliant new translation—whose story had barely registered in previous readings, now revealed as perhaps the most penetrating political commentary in all of ancient literature.


The Iliad translated by Emily Wilson

A quick review of the scholarship revealed that while I was hardly alone in this recognition, the political interpretation of Thersites remains surprisingly contested. Some modern scholars have recognized in Homer’s portrayal a sophisticated critique of power that transcends the heroic framework, but many others continue to read the episode as simply affirming aristocratic values.¹ Yet there is something to be said for arriving at these insights through direct encounter with the text—Wilson’s translation made visible what a handful of careful readers have long debated.

The setup is masterful in its cynicism. Zeus, hungry for blood and bound by his promise to Thetis, sends a false dream to Agamemnon. The king, ever susceptible to flattery, believes the lie that, after nine years without success, Troy will fall easily if he attacks immediately. Divine deception exploits human vanity to ensure more carnage—the gods conspire to prolong suffering for their own purposes.

But first, Agamemnon decides to test his troops’ resolve by suggesting they abandon the siege and sail home. The test backfires spectacularly—war-weary soldiers leap up and race toward their ships, desperate to escape nine years of futile bloodshed. Only Odysseus’s violent intervention stops the mass exodus.

Into this moment of barely restored order steps Thersites, described by Homer with deliberate physical grotesquerie to ensure we see him through aristocratic eyes—bandy-legged, lame, with little hair and a shrill voice. In the ancient world, such deformity was viewed as suggesting mental or moral deficiency. But as scholar Panagiotis Stamatopoulos observes, “the ugly hero is the personification of the ugly truth.” Homer introduces an insolent and fearless figure who points out truths that both the soldiers and the kings dare not see. Thersites emerges as “the voice of the people, of demos“—a vox populi expressing the position of the lower social class and opposing the aristocratic consensus. Tellingly, Homer gives him no patronymic surname, no family lineage to establish elite status; he represents not an individual but a class.

Yet Thersites’ words cut through the manufactured crisis with devastating precision. He challenges Agamemnon directly: what is your grievance? You already have gold, women, first choice of everything. After nine years of pointless war, he asks the question that should be obvious—why should common soldiers continue dying for the personal honor of the elite who have already been richly compensated?

This is the voice of human reason emerging amid divine machination and aristocratic ego. Thersites offers what the epic desperately needs: an exit ramp from tragedy. Had the Greeks listened and sailed home, Troy would have stood, Hector would have lived, Achilles would have returned to Phthia, and Odysseus would never have wandered. The commoner alone sees the madness clearly.

More provocatively, Thersites points out the fundamental dependency that the heroic code obscures: “Let him consume his winnings here at Troy, so he can see if we helped him or not.” Without the common soldiers doing the actual fighting and dying, what would Agamemnon accomplish? He would be one man with his treasure, powerless before Troy’s walls. The entire war rests on the backs of those excluded from its real rewards.

But Homer’s brilliance lies in what follows. Odysseus—wily, eloquent, a master of persuasion—does not refute Thersites’ logic. He silences it. The master of cunning speech, the man who could talk his way out of any crisis, abandons rhetoric entirely when faced with reasonable dissent. Seizing the divine scepter, he beats the man bloody while the other soldiers—the very men whose interests Thersites defends—laugh and cheer. Yet Homer’s subtlety continues: even after this violent suppression, it takes two additional speeches by the army’s finest orators, Odysseus and Nestor, to convince the troops to resume fighting. The laughter was hollow; Thersites’ logic had found its mark. In this single scene, Homer offers a devastating triple indictment: the gods manipulate, the elite brutalize, and the masses collaborate in their own subjugation.

What makes this commentary so sophisticated is its recognition that the problem is not simply bad leadership or divine caprice—it is the entire system’s complicity in silencing rational dissent. Homer shows us a world where every level of authority, from Olympus to the ranks, conspires to suppress the voice that points toward sanity and survival.

We live in an age of algorithmic manipulation designed to amplify division for profit. Our elites meet dissent with derision and suppression, while the public, misled or weary, often rallies to their side, cheering policies that erode their own dignity and livelihood. The machinery Homer diagnosed—divine deceit, aristocratic coercion, popular compliance—still grinds forward, indifferent to time.

Thersites asks the eternal question that every society must confront: “Why should we suffer and die for the vanity and greed of our leaders?” That his voice is not merely ignored but mocked—laughed into silence by those he would save—remains one of the most chilling recognitions in all of literature. Homer understood what many modern narratives refuse to admit: that exploitation and oppression do not come from above alone. It comes when the oppressed celebrate it themselves. And the greatest tragedy may not be the fall of Troy, nor the deaths of elite heroes, but the silencing of the one voice that might have stopped the tragedy before it began.


¹ See, for example, Panagiotis G. M. Stamatopoulos, “The episode of Thersites in the Iliad as an ideological and literary construction of Homer,” 28th Seminar of Homeric Philology, Ithaca Island, Greece (2014); and Siep Stuurman, “The Voice of Thersites: Reflections on the Origins of the Idea of Equality,” Journal of the History of Ideas 65.2 (2004): 171-89.

Where the Furies Pause

by Donald S. Yarab

In myth, the Furies pursue the guilty. In this meditative poem, they do not chase or condemn, but pause—witnesses to memory, silence, and the uncertain balance between reckoning and reprieve. Beneath the yew, they wait—not gone, not appeased, but listening.


Vincent van Gogh, Trunk of an Old Yew Tree (1888)
Oil on canvas, 91 × 71 cm
London, Helly Nahmad Gallery
Vincent van Gogh, Trunk of an Old Yew Tree (1888)
Oil on canvas, 91 × 71 cm
London, Helly Nahmad Gallery

Necdum illum aut trunca lustrauerat obuia taxo / Eumenis…
Statius, Thebaid VIII. 9–10

“Nor yet had the Fury met him, bearing the lustral yew…”
Statius, Thebaid VIII. 9–10 (adapted translation)

As darkness descends and light abates,
The Furies wake at the turning of fates.
No horn is blown, no omen flies—
Only the hush where judgment lies.

They come not crowned, but cloaked in ash,
With broken names and eyes that flash.
Not wrath alone, but what endures—
The weight of memory that never cures.

They walk where silence used to sleep,
Where secrets rot and letters bleed.
The breath of dusk is cold and tight—
A wound reopens in the night.

By yews they pause, where death takes root,
In soil grown thick with ash and fruit.
The bark is split with silent cries,
The rings record what speech denies.

They do not speak, but still the trees
Murmur of trespass in the breeze.
The wind forgets its mournful tone—
As if the world waits to atone.

A shadow stirs, but does not fall;
A light withdraws, but leaves a call.
No hand is raised, no doom is cast—
And yet the pulse runs through the past.

The air is thick with what might be:
A breaking, or a turning key.
The Furies halt—but do not sleep.
And from the yews, the silence… deep.

So still they stand beneath the yew—
The Furies veiled in dusk’s soft hue.
Its needles dark, its berries red,
It shelters both the quick and dead.

They neither strike nor turn away,
But hold the hush at break of day.
Their eyes are dark, their purpose blurred—
As if they wait to hear a word.

Exploring ‘The Insemination of Venus’ by Laura Schmidt

The Insemination of Venus by Laura Schmidt
The Insemination of Venus, Laura Schmidt (2024). Mixed media (tooled leather, acrylic with hand-printed paper, torch-painted copper, soft pastel, polymer clay). The work incorporates kinetic elements, such as freely hanging copper leaves, and draws upon classical and mythological influences, including Botticelli’s Birth of Venus

If you find yourself without task or chore, bored beyond belief, and inclined to read a pedantic, hubristic, and discursive review interpreting a truly stunning work of art, I invite you to explore my essay (accessible at link below) on The Insemination of Venus by Laura Schmidt. To say that I find Schmidt’s work exciting and inspiring would be an understatement.

Schmidt, whom I have known for almost four decades, has recently turned in earnest to artistic endeavors following the conclusion of her legal career. Her latest work, The Insemination of Venus, is a masterful synthesis of classical themes and contemporary materials, drawing inspiration from Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and which I interpret as a re-imagining of the ancient motif of the Tree of Life and as an active force of creative transformation (see also my poem below).


Abstract for Essay: The Insemination of Venus as a Modern Tree of Life

The essay explores the profound intersection of classical mythology, artistic innovation, and the enduring motif of the Tree of Life in Laura Schmidt’s multimedia work. Inspired in part by Botticelli’s Birth of Venus, Schmidt’s piece transforms the classical image of Venus from a passive subject of divine creation into an active force of generative imagination. Through an interpretative lens, this essay examines how The Insemination of Venus re-imagines the ancient Tree of Life—not merely as a conduit of divine will, but as a dynamic site of transformation shaped by human creativity. Drawing on traditions from Mesopotamian sacred trees to Platonic cosmology and Norse mythology, my interpretive analysis situates Schmidt’s work within a continuum of cultural expressions that depict trees as cosmic axes, vessels of metamorphosis, and symbols of the evolving relationship between nature, divinity, and artistic agency. Engaging with both the technical execution and symbolic complexity of Schmidt’s composition, this essay illuminates how art can simultaneously honor and redefine ancient archetypes, presenting the Tree of Life as a living, evolving force in the realm of artistic creation.

And here is the poem I was inspired to write after contemplating Schmidt’s The Insemination of Venus:

Once we trembled beneath sacred boughs,

Watching gods inscribe their will on leaves,

While divine winds shook celestial branches

And fate dripped like dew from heaven’s eaves.

Now the tree grows from our own imagining,

Its copper leaves dance to earthly air,

Venus transforms not by divine decree

But through the power we ourselves dare.

Where once we sought the gods’ creation,

Now we are the force that makes stars bloom.

The moth bears witness with human eyes:

We are become the cosmic loom.

No longer supplicants beneath holy trees,

We are the garden, we are the grove.

Where once we quaked beneath the heavens,

We are become the force that moves the heavens.

The Dream of Gilgamesh: Mourning the Loss of the Rock from the Sky

The Epic of Gilgamesh: Gilgamesh and Enkidu, No. 6 (ink and gouache on paper, 1966) by Dia Al-Azzawi (Iraqi, b. 1939).

The Epic of Gilgamesh and its related ancient tales have long been a source of inspiration for me, often woven into my prose. Earlier this week, I had the pleasure of reading an essay by Andrew George, written in 2012, which I highly recommend to your attention: The Mayfly on the River: Individual and Collective Destiny in the Epic of Gilgamesh. As with all of George’s works, this essay is masterful, and it resonated with much of my recent work. By coincidence, his reference to the mayfly aligned perfectly with a sub-theme of a monograph I have been developing over the past several weeks.

Inspired by these reflections and my own experience with the loss of close friends, I chose to explore The Epic of Gilgamesh through poetry, marking a departure from my usual prose. Below, I offer a poem that captures a dream in which Gilgamesh contemplates the profound absence of Enkidu, his friend and companion, who met death as punishment for the transgressions he and Gilgamesh committed against the gods. The timeless relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu seemed to me a fitting metaphor for the sorrow that accompanies the loss of friends and the enduring nature of their memory.

An Audio Recitation of Donald S. Yarab’s The Dream of Gilgamesh

The Dream of Gilgamesh

In the shadows of my sleep, you came,
Enkidu, my brother, carved from the heavens,
The rock that fell to earth and struck me whole.
But now the earth has claimed you,
Silent is the storm of your breath,
Felled like the great cedar, your might is no more.
I reach for you, yet grasp but dust.

The gods whisper through the winds,
Enkidu, you are beyond my reach,
Though I call, your name echoes
Through the empty halls of Uruk,
A soundless shadow, a memory unmade.

In the dream, I see you on the plain,
Your laughter rolls like thunder once more,
Yet it is distant, swallowed by the sky.
I run to you, but the earth swallows my feet,
The horizon stretches and bends,
And you fade, a shadow of stars,
Leaving me to wrestle with the night.

Oh, Enkidu, my companion, my rock from the heavens,
In life, you steadied me, made my heart whole.
Now the world is too wide,
The journey too long.
What joy can be found in Uruk’s walls,
Without your hand upon my shoulder?
You lie beneath the river stones,
And I am left to wander the desolate road alone.