The Voice in the Dust: A Lament for Thersites


400-500AD, found in Egypt. Wooden board (with iron handle for hanging) with Greek inscription of lines 468-473 from Book I of Homer's Iliad.  © The Trustees of the British Museum.
400-500AD, found in Egypt. Wooden board (with iron handle for hanging) with Greek inscription of lines 468-473 from Book I of Homer’s Iliad. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence.

The lament that follows was born of an essay I penned after re-reading The Iliad through the figure of Thersites: truth-speaker, scapegoat, silenced. Where the essay names the mechanisms—divine deceit, aristocratic coercion, popular complicity—the mythic poem strives to give breath to that silenced voice through Antipseudes of Elis, a fictive low-born warrior who speaks from within the wound of the epic itself. Against the degradations of later tradition—most starkly in Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica, where Thersites is struck down in rage by his companion-in-arms Achilles, not in duel nor battle but unjustly, unarmed, unready, and unaware, and then buried in the earth rather than burned upon a pyre, in defiance of Achaean custom—the lament restores what Homer only intimates: that the truth-speaker saw clearly, and that to remember him, and the vision he bore, is the conscience of witness. Thersites’ voice, mocked in antiquity, is recognized belatedly by thinkers such as Hegel and Nietzsche.


The Lament of Antipseudes of Elis

After the Fall of Troy of the High Walls

“What glory is this, that tastes of ash and allotted fate?”

I. The Weight of Victory

Ten winters I carried this spear,
ten summers I dreamed of home—

the olive grove behind my father’s house,
the way morning light fell
across my wife’s sleeping face.

Now Troy burns behind us,
her towers cracked
like broken teeth,

and the wind carries the smell
of what the immortals and kings call victory:
blood and smoke,
the stench of the fallen.

They say we have victory.
They say our names will echo
through the halls of distant kings,

that singers will sing of this day
when the world was young.

But we—nameless before kings and heroes,
we who bore the spears,
we who remember our companions—

we think of Phegaios,
who fell at the Scaean Gate,
beneath the shadow
of the consecrated beech,

his shield-arm shattered,
calling for his mother
as the light left his eyes.

What song will remember
that he loved to carve small birds from olive wood,
that he wept the night before battle—

not from fear, but from beauty;
the way starlight fell
on the wine-dark sea,
too lovely for a world
that would end him tomorrow?

II. The Kings’ Glory

Agamemnon stands proud
upon the battlements,
his bronze breastplate catching
the flame-light of the city.

He speaks of destiny,
of honor served,
of the gods’ will made manifest
in spear-point and sword-edge.

But what did Helen know
of our ten years’ dying?
What did she dream
in Priam’s halls

while we bled the earth black
beneath Troy’s walls?

Was her face worth
Patroklos, torn and broken?
Worth Hector’s son,
dashed against the stones?
Worth the thousand
nameless sons
who will never see
their fathers’ fields again?

The kings divide the spoils—
gold and bronze,
slaves and chariots,
of a broken world.

But they cannot divide
the weight that settles
in a warrior’s chest

when men no longer fall,
and the silence gapes
like a wound
across the blood-soaked plain.

III. What the Dead Know

In the grey hour before dawn
we walked among the pyres
where our companions burned.

Their smoke rose straight
into the windless sky,
and we thought: here is truth—

not in the golden masks of heroes,
not in the songs
that will outlive our bones,
but in this.

Not only kings waged war at Troy,
nor only the heroes
whose names the singers will praise.
These also bore the spear,
or fell in dust:

Phegaios of the beech,
who fell at the Scaean Gate
beneath the sacred tree, calling for his mother
as the bronze pierced his side.

Echelaos of Argos, new to war,
who upheld the host
but died clutching a lock of hair
cut from his sister’s head—
a pledge never delivered.

Lēthios the forgetful,
the goatherd’s son, barely bearded,
who drowned in his own blood
until Thersites drew him forth,
yet lived to forget
the hand that saved him.

And I—Antipseudes of Elis,
opposer of lies—
who live to speak the lament
of the nameless many.

What do the dead know
that we, the living, have forgotten?
What wisdom lies
in their silence?

Perhaps this:
that glory is a word
spoken by those who were not there

when the bronze bit deep,
when the earth drank its fill of young blood,
when the horses screamed
and would not be comforted.

Perhaps this:
that a man’s worth is not measured
in the length of his shadow
cast by the pyre-flames,

but in the small kindnesses—
the water shared,
the wound bound,
the hand held
in the dark hour
before the last battle
where men meet their fate.

IV. The Voice We Silenced

I remember Thersites.

Not his name—no one
speaks his name now,
though once it rang across the ranks
like bronze on bronze,
clear and true and terrible.

He was ugly, yes—
twisted-legged, sharp-voiced,
the kind of man whom kings saw not,
though he stood before them.

But when he spoke
that day in the ninth year,
when Agamemnon deceived us,
pretending to release us
only to test our hearts—

Thersites alone,
voice of the low-born,
truth-speaker,
spoke what we all knew:

What share have we
in Atreus’ son’s portion?
Why must our bones
bleach white on the Scamandrian plain,
while he grows fat
on Trojan plunder?

The words hung
like loosed arrows
trembling in the morning air.

For one bright moment
we saw ourselves clearly:
not heroes,
not bearers of glory,
but flesh offered up
to feed another’s pride.

Then Odysseus rose—
Odysseus the much-turning,
whose counsels coiled like serpents in the dust,
whose tongue bore honey and venom both—

and did not quarrel.
He beat him.
Beat him bloody
with the royal scepter
while we—gods forgive us—
we laughed.

We laughed,
but the gods had blinded us.
We cast his voice into dust,
and cheered the silencing
of the truth-speaker,
as fate compelled.

Had we listened,
had we sailed that day—
Hector would breathe still,
Achilles would grow old
in Phthia’s fields,
Priam’s grandson
would chase shadows
through Troy’s unfallen towers.

But we chose laughter.
We chose the war.
We chose to die
rather than hear
what the ugly man dared to say:

that we were fools,
that we were cattle,
that our lives meant less to our kings
than the bronze in their coffers.

But listen—Thersites died
not as the coward Odysseus made him seem,
not cowering in his tent
or fleeing from the fray.

He died on the day Patroklos fell,
that day of ruin
when the Greeks were driven back to the ships,
when bronze points flashed like lightning
and the sand drank rivers of blood.

The field was chaos and screaming—
chariots overturned, horses mad with terror,
shields splintered, spears shivered,
and men cried out
for mothers no longer living.

In that storm of ruin,
young Lēthios—barely bearded,
homesick for his goats—
took a spear through the lung
and lay drowning in his blood.

No king was watching.
No god took note.

The hour was desperate,
the deed unheroic:
Thersites crawling through the bodies,
hauling the boy
across the bloody sand
while the clash of bronze roared about him.

The boy lived.
Lives still, perhaps,
somewhere in Argos,
telling his young sons and daughters
stories of the war,
never speaking the name
of the man who dragged him
from the edge of death.

And Thersites?
A Trojan blade found his heart
as he shielded the boy’s retreat.

He made no sound—
no cry for help,
no call to glory,
no final words
for singers to polish
into verses of bronze.

He simply fell,
face-down in the bloody sand,
his truth-telling mouth
stopped with earth.

We burned him
on a common pyre
with a dozen others—
companions-in-arms
whose names the smoke carried skyward
and scattered on the wind,
whose deeds no singer
will praise before kings.

But we remember:

the man who spoke against the war
died saving a life,
not for glory,
not for honor,
not for the gold of distant kingdoms,
but because a boy was drowning in his blood
and someone had to act.

What share have we
in Atreus’ son’s portion?

The question follows us
like a shade,
unanswered still,

though half our number—
Thersites among them—
perished on the soil of Ilium
some mourned, some forgotten,
some remembered only by the wind.

V. The Long Road Home

Tomorrow we sail
for the wine-dark waters of home.

Some speak of wives and children
waiting at the harbor,
of olive groves heavy with fruit,
of wine that tastes of peace.

But we have seen too much
to believe in simple homecomings.

The men who left for Troy ten years past
lie buried somewhere
beneath the walls we have torn down,
buried with the voice of Thersites,
buried with the truth
we cast into dust.

What strangers wear their faces now?
What shades return
to sit at ancestral tables,
to hold the hands we knew,
to feign that time and blood
and the weight of blood
have not cut deep furrows
in their hearts?

The ships wait,
black-hulled against the morning light.
The oars are ready,
the sails hang slack
as old skin.

But before we go,
let me speak this truth
into the ashes
of the fallen city:

We came for glory.
We found only
that men die
as simply as leaves
fall in autumn—

and that we ourselves
chose to silence
the one voice
that might have stopped the falling.

We came as heroes.
We leave as vessels of sorrow
too burdened for song,
too grievous for memory.

What is victory
but the bitter wine
pressed from the grapes
of other men’s grief?

What is honor
but a name
we press upon our wounds
to make them
bearable?

And what are we—
who cheered the beating of the truth-speaker,
who chose war,
who laughed
as wisdom bled into the dust?

Epilogue: The Warrior’s Prayer

Hear me, immortals,
who sent us forth
to toil in war,
who moved our hands
to this dark work—

grant us this:

Not that our names
be remembered
in bronze and stone,
not that singers
will sing our deeds
to unborn kings—

But that when we pass
to Hades’ shadowed halls,
where our fathers dwell,
the dead will forgive us
the price we laid
upon their dying.

Grant that the shadows
of Troy’s children
will not follow us
across the wine-dark sea.

Grant that the blood we spilled here
will not cry out
from every field we pass.

And if you must remember us,
remember this:

that we learned too late
the weight of bronze,
the true cost of kingdoms,
the sacrifice of war.

The ships call.
The wind rises.

Troy burns behind us
like a star
falling into the dark.

We are going home.
We are going home
changed.

Twined in Bronze: Achilles Among the Shades

by Donald S. Yarab

Prelude: The Calling Across the Void

Hear me, O boundless halls of shadow, where no lyre sounds save memory’s echo,
where the voices of the upper world drift down like falling leaves,
carrying my name—swift-footed, godlike, breaker of men—
yet here, in this silence deeper than death’s first breath,
I am but shade calling to shade across the voiceless deep.

Not as I was in life do I summon you, O dwellers in darkness,
swift of foot upon Trojan soil, terrible in bronze and wrath,
but as one among the countless dead who wander here,
seeking not the glory that the living world still sings,
but what no song can restore, no fame redeem.

By Acheron’s dark waters, by Cocytus’ wailing stream,
if any shade remembers love, if any echo bears my grief,
come forth from asphodel’s pale meadows,
enter not Lethe’s merciful waters—
let me embrace again what I have lost, not the glory I have won.

The Encounter with Odysseus

Through the mists of the unremembering came Odysseus,
his words still honey-bright, his tongue still silver-edged:

“Achilles, no shade walks more blessed than you among the dead!
In life, you were honored as a god among mortals;
here, you are lord of the departed.
Above, the poets crown you with undying flame—
your name will never perish from the lips of men.”

But I answered him, bitter with the dust of ages:
“Do not gild my shadow, son of Laertes.
Better to be a hireling alive, a drudge to some poor man
who scratches bread from stubborn earth,
than king among these silent multitudes.
For what is glory here, where no heart beats to hear it?
Your songs reach my name but cannot touch my soul;
they raise me to eternity yet leave me hollow as wind through bone.”

The Shade of Patroclus

Then—O mercy of the pitiless dark—I thought I heard you, Patroclus,
soft as breath through withered leaves,
faint as the last note of a dying lyre string:

“They did not forget me, Achilles…
my name is bound to yours in bronze and grief.
They sang my fall beneath the walls of Troy,
they sang your wrath that shook the earth and sky.
They knew… they knew I was beloved.”

“O Patroclus,” I cried across the gulf of silence,
“O companion of my heart, O dearer than breath—
yes, they sang you, but they knew only shadows.
They praised my spear but not your steadying hand,
they heard my wrath but not our laughter in the tents,
they saw my grief but not the mornings when you woke
and the world was whole because you breathed within it.
Glory is one thing, beloved, but your nearness was another,
greater than all the songs that mortals weave.”

Then darker came your voice, like distant thunder:
“Yet had you not brooded, had you not nursed your wounded pride,
I might have lived to see another dawn.
I wore your armor, Achilles, and with it, your doom—
my blood became the price of your great wrath,
my grave the shadow of your choice.
They sing your glory, but it is built upon ashes from my pyre.”

I reached through the darkness, but my hands closed only on emptiness,
and you dissolved like mist before the merciless sun.

The Voice of Echo

Then from the depths where memory dwells eternal,
Echo came, bearing fragments of what was,
and in her broken voice I heard my mother’s prophecy,
scattered like pearls upon the wine-dark deep:

“Two fates… two fates bear you toward death’s end…
toward death’s end, my son…
If here you remain… remain fighting the sons of Troy…
brief is your life… brief… but your glory undying…
undying through all the generations of men…
If homeward you sail… you sail to Phthia’s shore…
long life awaits… awaits… but your name dies with you…
dies with you like smoke upon the wind…”

“Two roads… two roads I set before you…
before you, child of my bitter grief…
Choose… choose… but know that I will lose you…
lose you in either path you take…”

Her voice faded like waves withdrawing from a distant shore,
leaving me more orphaned than before,
knowing now the weight of what I chose,
the golden chain that binds my doom.

The Torment of the Fates

Then came the daughters of Necessity,
Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos stern,
their voices cold as iron, pitiless as winter stars:

“No thread is rewoven, son of Thetis;
what is cut by our shears remains cut.
You chose the song of men, and it is sung forever;
you chose the path of wrath, and it is walked to its end.
Dream not of other dawns, for the spindle turns not backward.
The pattern is complete, the weaving done—
you are bound within your own bright doom,
remembered by all the world, and yet undone.”

Their laughter rang like bronze on bronze,
a sound to crack the pillars of the world,
and in that cruel music I heard the truth:
I am the hero of my own destruction,
the author of my endless, empty fame.

Epilogue: The Wisdom of Shadows

So here I abide, Achilles famed beyond forgetting,
yet hollow as the caves where no wind stirs.
From Lethe’s bank to Styx’s binding waters,
the shades whisper my name with reverence,
but reverence is cold comfort to the dead.

O Patroclus, my brother, my breath made flesh—
they remember our names twined in bronze and sorrow,
but none recall the quiet mornings when you woke
and smiled, and the world was made new.
The poets crown me with eternal fire,
but eternity burns cold without you near.

Learn this, you who still draw breath beneath the sun:
choose not wrath over love, nor fame over the hand beside you.
One dawn with the beloved, one moment’s grace
when heart speaks truly unto heart,
is worth more than all the ages of song.
Better to be forgotten with love’s warmth upon you
than to blaze forever in the cold halls of memory,
alone.

Reading the Iliad Again: The Voice of Reason in an Age of Manipulation

After countless readings of various translations of Homer’s Iliad, certain passages can suddenly leap from the page with startling clarity. It can feel as if I am encountering them for the first time. Such was my experience with the incident regarding Thersites in Book 2, brought into sharp focus by Emily Wilson’s brilliant new translation—whose story had barely registered in previous readings, now revealed as perhaps the most penetrating political commentary in all of ancient literature.


The Iliad translated by Emily Wilson

A quick review of the scholarship revealed that while I was hardly alone in this recognition, the political interpretation of Thersites remains surprisingly contested. Some modern scholars have recognized in Homer’s portrayal a sophisticated critique of power that transcends the heroic framework, but many others continue to read the episode as simply affirming aristocratic values.¹ Yet there is something to be said for arriving at these insights through direct encounter with the text—Wilson’s translation made visible what a handful of careful readers have long debated.

The setup is masterful in its cynicism. Zeus, hungry for blood and bound by his promise to Thetis, sends a false dream to Agamemnon. The king, ever susceptible to flattery, believes the lie that, after nine years without success, Troy will fall easily if he attacks immediately. Divine deception exploits human vanity to ensure more carnage—the gods conspire to prolong suffering for their own purposes.

But first, Agamemnon decides to test his troops’ resolve by suggesting they abandon the siege and sail home. The test backfires spectacularly—war-weary soldiers leap up and race toward their ships, desperate to escape nine years of futile bloodshed. Only Odysseus’s violent intervention stops the mass exodus.

Into this moment of barely restored order steps Thersites, described by Homer with deliberate physical grotesquerie to ensure we see him through aristocratic eyes—bandy-legged, lame, with little hair and a shrill voice. In the ancient world, such deformity was viewed as suggesting mental or moral deficiency. But as scholar Panagiotis Stamatopoulos observes, “the ugly hero is the personification of the ugly truth.” Homer introduces an insolent and fearless figure who points out truths that both the soldiers and the kings dare not see. Thersites emerges as “the voice of the people, of demos“—a vox populi expressing the position of the lower social class and opposing the aristocratic consensus. Tellingly, Homer gives him no patronymic surname, no family lineage to establish elite status; he represents not an individual but a class.

Yet Thersites’ words cut through the manufactured crisis with devastating precision. He challenges Agamemnon directly: what is your grievance? You already have gold, women, first choice of everything. After nine years of pointless war, he asks the question that should be obvious—why should common soldiers continue dying for the personal honor of the elite who have already been richly compensated?

This is the voice of human reason emerging amid divine machination and aristocratic ego. Thersites offers what the epic desperately needs: an exit ramp from tragedy. Had the Greeks listened and sailed home, Troy would have stood, Hector would have lived, Achilles would have returned to Phthia, and Odysseus would never have wandered. The commoner alone sees the madness clearly.

More provocatively, Thersites points out the fundamental dependency that the heroic code obscures: “Let him consume his winnings here at Troy, so he can see if we helped him or not.” Without the common soldiers doing the actual fighting and dying, what would Agamemnon accomplish? He would be one man with his treasure, powerless before Troy’s walls. The entire war rests on the backs of those excluded from its real rewards.

But Homer’s brilliance lies in what follows. Odysseus—wily, eloquent, a master of persuasion—does not refute Thersites’ logic. He silences it. The master of cunning speech, the man who could talk his way out of any crisis, abandons rhetoric entirely when faced with reasonable dissent. Seizing the divine scepter, he beats the man bloody while the other soldiers—the very men whose interests Thersites defends—laugh and cheer. Yet Homer’s subtlety continues: even after this violent suppression, it takes two additional speeches by the army’s finest orators, Odysseus and Nestor, to convince the troops to resume fighting. The laughter was hollow; Thersites’ logic had found its mark. In this single scene, Homer offers a devastating triple indictment: the gods manipulate, the elite brutalize, and the masses collaborate in their own subjugation.

What makes this commentary so sophisticated is its recognition that the problem is not simply bad leadership or divine caprice—it is the entire system’s complicity in silencing rational dissent. Homer shows us a world where every level of authority, from Olympus to the ranks, conspires to suppress the voice that points toward sanity and survival.

We live in an age of algorithmic manipulation designed to amplify division for profit. Our elites meet dissent with derision and suppression, while the public, misled or weary, often rallies to their side, cheering policies that erode their own dignity and livelihood. The machinery Homer diagnosed—divine deceit, aristocratic coercion, popular compliance—still grinds forward, indifferent to time.

Thersites asks the eternal question that every society must confront: “Why should we suffer and die for the vanity and greed of our leaders?” That his voice is not merely ignored but mocked—laughed into silence by those he would save—remains one of the most chilling recognitions in all of literature. Homer understood what many modern narratives refuse to admit: that exploitation and oppression do not come from above alone. It comes when the oppressed celebrate it themselves. And the greatest tragedy may not be the fall of Troy, nor the deaths of elite heroes, but the silencing of the one voice that might have stopped the tragedy before it began.


¹ See, for example, Panagiotis G. M. Stamatopoulos, “The episode of Thersites in the Iliad as an ideological and literary construction of Homer,” 28th Seminar of Homeric Philology, Ithaca Island, Greece (2014); and Siep Stuurman, “The Voice of Thersites: Reflections on the Origins of the Idea of Equality,” Journal of the History of Ideas 65.2 (2004): 171-89.

Where the Furies Pause

by Donald S. Yarab

In myth, the Furies pursue the guilty. In this meditative poem, they do not chase or condemn, but pause—witnesses to memory, silence, and the uncertain balance between reckoning and reprieve. Beneath the yew, they wait—not gone, not appeased, but listening.


Vincent van Gogh, Trunk of an Old Yew Tree (1888)
Oil on canvas, 91 × 71 cm
London, Helly Nahmad Gallery
Vincent van Gogh, Trunk of an Old Yew Tree (1888)
Oil on canvas, 91 × 71 cm
London, Helly Nahmad Gallery

Necdum illum aut trunca lustrauerat obuia taxo / Eumenis…
Statius, Thebaid VIII. 9–10

“Nor yet had the Fury met him, bearing the lustral yew…”
Statius, Thebaid VIII. 9–10 (adapted translation)

As darkness descends and light abates,
The Furies wake at the turning of fates.
No horn is blown, no omen flies—
Only the hush where judgment lies.

They come not crowned, but cloaked in ash,
With broken names and eyes that flash.
Not wrath alone, but what endures—
The weight of memory that never cures.

They walk where silence used to sleep,
Where secrets rot and letters bleed.
The breath of dusk is cold and tight—
A wound reopens in the night.

By yews they pause, where death takes root,
In soil grown thick with ash and fruit.
The bark is split with silent cries,
The rings record what speech denies.

They do not speak, but still the trees
Murmur of trespass in the breeze.
The wind forgets its mournful tone—
As if the world waits to atone.

A shadow stirs, but does not fall;
A light withdraws, but leaves a call.
No hand is raised, no doom is cast—
And yet the pulse runs through the past.

The air is thick with what might be:
A breaking, or a turning key.
The Furies halt—but do not sleep.
And from the yews, the silence… deep.

So still they stand beneath the yew—
The Furies veiled in dusk’s soft hue.
Its needles dark, its berries red,
It shelters both the quick and dead.

They neither strike nor turn away,
But hold the hush at break of day.
Their eyes are dark, their purpose blurred—
As if they wait to hear a word.

The Weight of Existence: Sisyphus’ New Dawn


Franz von Stuck, Sisyphus (1920)
Oil on canvas, 103 × 89 cm. Galerie Ritthaler, Munich.
© Collection Galerie Ritthaler.

“Il faut imaginer Sisyphe heureux.”
(“One must imagine Sisyphus happy.”)
—Albert Camus, Le Mythe de Sisyphe (1942)

But perhaps he was mistaken.
Perhaps the truth is simpler:
When the stone is gone, the man remains. 


 

Sisyphus Undone; or, It Was Tuesday

by Donald S. Yarab

He rose, as ever, with the morning’s breath,
the hill still steep, the silence oddly wide.
No stone to greet him with its weight or will—
no groan of earth, no task to be defied.

The gods were gone. Their laughter had grown faint,
or else the air refused to carry sound.
The path he wore through centuries lay bare,
a scar now healing into senseless ground.

He searched for signs: a crack, a trace, a mark,
but found no proof that toil had ever been.
His hands, once strong with strain, now idle hung,
still shaped by burdens long dissolved within.

He sat. The dust rose lightly at his knee.
A lark began to sing, then flew away.
The sky, untroubled, held no word for him.
The world had turned. It was another day.

What is the self when labor fades to wind?
What is the myth once struggle slips its chain?
He breathed. No answer stirred the lucid air.
The hill was whole. The man was left, and plain.