Against Magical Thinking: Contemplation, Conspiracy, and the Abuse of Sacred Language


Early manuscript
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Recently, I read with great interest Hari Kunzru’s article “Doing Their Own Research” in the New York Review of Books (May 29, 2025). It is a piercing, sometimes surreal examination of the strange coalition now shaping American political and spiritual culture: a “New Weird Fusionism” of right-wing conspiracy, countercultural wellness, and mystical absolutism. The portrait he offers—of a society increasingly shaped by magical thinking, selective paranoia, and a weaponized imagination—was as disturbing as it was insightful.

But what struck me most was the realization that the cultural atmosphere Kunzru describes makes it increasingly likely that contemplative works like my recent Liber Agglutivi will be not merely misread—but conscripted into the very worldview they seek to resist.

In that work, framed as a fictional medieval treatise on sacred language, I explore how language, when approached with reverence and silence, becomes not a tool of communication but a site of presence—how it may not only speak about reality, but participate in it. Yet as I read Kunzru’s analysis of conspirituality—the synthesis of conspiracy and New Age belief—I saw an eerie proximity between certain rhetorical structures in Liber Agglutivi and the thought patterns of this cultural formation: secrecy, marginalia, hidden knowledge, the recovery of “true” language lost to corruption.

The danger is real: in an age where every form of mystery gets weaponized, how do we distinguish between authentic contemplative practice and its paranoid simulacra?

It is precisely here that the contrast must be made explicit.

The Liber is not a manual for decoding reality through esoteric symbols or a codebook for revealing global plots. It is not a mystical justification for control, nor an invitation to gnostic certainty. Its words are not “keys” to hidden truths in the paranoid sense Kunzru describes. Rather, it is a contemplative experiment—a poetic, philosophical invitation to see language as something we enter with humility, not something we wield with certainty.

What conspirituality offers is often a form of linguistic inflation: a conviction that to name something is to master it, that to imagine is to manifest, that hidden truths are personal weapons in a war against “them.” This is not reverence for mystery but inflation through proximity to it. The practitioner of conspirituality approaches mystery as a puzzle to be solved, a code to be cracked that will grant power over reality itself.

By contrast, the Liber offers a theology of kenosis—a self-emptying approach to speech in which the word is not a sword, but a veil; not a control mechanism, but a site of transfigured listening. Where conspirituality seeks to decode, contemplation seeks to be changed by what it encounters.

Consider the difference in practice. A conspirituality adherent might read the Liber’s phrase about “memory that knows not what it remembers” as a hint toward recovering suppressed historical truths or accessing forbidden knowledge that “they” do not want you to have.

A contemplative reader approaches the same phrase as an invitation to sit with unknowing itself—to let the mystery remain mysterious while allowing it to transform one’s relationship to knowledge. The first approach inflates the ego; the second empties it.

Kunzru’s analysis is especially compelling in its treatment of magical thinking across the domains of politics, religion, and economics. It is alarming to witness the persistence of the nineteenth-century “mind-cure” tradition—the belief that reality is downstream of personal attitude—now manifesting as national governance logic.

That Donald Trump, among others, internalized Norman Vincent Peale’s message of mental affirmation to the point that factuality became irrelevant is not merely a character trait—it is a symptom of an epistemological crisis. Similarly, the self-help gospel of The Secret, evangelical prosperity teachings, and the memetic evangelism of internet conspiracists all illustrate a culture in which to believe is to make it so.

The boundary between wish and world is not merely blurred—it is denied.

The Liber Agglutivi, by contrast, insists that language’s creative power arises not from assertive will but from contemplative reception. The phrase “word that becomes the thing” does not mean that the self wills reality into being. It means that, in sacred silence, the word discloses what is already most true.

This is a fundamentally different ontology. It is not manifestation; it is reverent participation.

Kunzru rightly notes how easily mystical language can be conscripted by paranoid styles. The idea that “everything is connected,” which in contemplative practice leads to compassion and humility, in conspiracy often leads to reductionism and scapegoating.

The Liber speaks of memory that “knows not what it remembers”—a phrase meant to evoke mystery and presence, not cognitive shortcuts to hidden truths.

So while Kunzru’s essay is not a critique of my work, it felt like a necessary caution about the times in which such a work might be read. In an age of epistemic confusion and symbolic inflation, sacred language must be handled with even greater care.

We must distinguish between language as control and language as communion; between the voice that silences others and the voice that emerges from deep silence. We must recognize that in our current moment, the very practices that might lead us toward wisdom—attention to mystery, reverence for hidden dimensions of experience, suspicion of surface explanations—can be corrupted into tools of manipulation and division.

The Liber Agglutivi may look like a book of secrets, but it is really a book about unknowing—about hearing the spaces where speech begins. And in a world where every utterance is increasingly co-opted for political or psychological leverage, the commitment to silence, reverence, and the mystery of meaning may itself be the most radical stance available to us.

Words that reign do so only when they have ceased to serve the self.
In our age of weaponized mysticism, that may be the difference between wisdom and delusion, between contemplation and conspiracy.

The Peril and Promise of Models: Utopia, Economy, and Theology


Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Tower of Babel (c. 1563)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Tower of Babel (c. 1563, oil on panel)
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Utopias, like theoretical economic models and theological constructs, are among the most daring expressions of human thought. Each arises from an impulse toward order and improvement, born of the conviction that the present is insufficient and the future can be shaped. Yet despite their elevated origins, these frameworks call to be eschewed—not for the good they propose, but for the horrors they have enabled when unmoored from humility and constraint.

The history of ideas is littered with systems that began in hope and ended in terror. Plato’s Republic, with its philosopher-kings and rigid class hierarchy, inspired centuries of authoritarian dreams. Soviet central planning promised rational allocation but delivered famine and repression. The Puritan theocracy in Massachusetts Bay sought godly perfection but produced witch trials and exile for dissenters. Each began as a vision of human flourishing—the utopian city, the rationalized economy, the purified creed—yet furnished the blueprints for regimes of control.

Nor is such danger confined to leftist excesses or theological zealotry. In Chile, the 1973 overthrow of Salvador Allende led not only to political violence, but also to the forceful imposition of a radical free-market model under General Pinochet, guided by economists trained in the Chicago School. The result was economic restructuring praised by some for its efficiency, yet experienced by many as immiseration and repression. Here, too, theory eclipsed humanity. Market mechanisms became commandments; dissenters were not debated but disappeared. What was billed as liberation through market freedom became another apparatus of dominance—less visible, perhaps, but no less brutal. The lesson is not partisan, but perennial: when theory is elevated above persons, systems serve themselves.

Elevated to ideology, models cease to be guides and become chains. They offer certainty in place of inquiry, coherence in place of complexity, and purpose in place of personhood. What begins as vision hardens into decree; what is meant as a lens becomes law. Mao’s Great Leap Forward exemplified this transformation: an economic model promising industrial prosperity became an unyielding doctrine that cost millions of lives when reality refused to conform to theory.

When the model becomes sacred, deviation becomes heresy. And where heresy is named, there follow inevitably the commissars, the inquisitors, the doctrinaires—those who patrol the borders of the permissible. Stalin’s show trials eliminated those who questioned economic orthodoxy. Both Catholic Inquisitions and Protestant persecutions took inhuman measures against those who strayed from their respective versions of theological purity. McCarthyism destroyed careers in service of ideological conformity. All operated in service of the model, the path, the “truth”—though truth, in such hands, is no longer a horizon toward which one travels, but a cudgel with which to enforce obedience. And perhaps there is no final truth to be had, only a multiplicity of partial illuminations, glimpsed through the mist, refracted through fallible minds.

And yet, it would be a grave error to reject these models wholesale. A utopia, though unattainable, directs the gaze beyond the immediate—Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Dream” inspired civil rights progress precisely because it painted a picture of what America could become. A well-crafted economic model brings coherence to chaotic phenomena: Keynesian theory, whatever its limitations, helped navigate the Great Depression by providing a framework for understanding how governments might respond to economic collapse. A theological vision offers moral orientation and poetic resonance—liberation theology in Latin America, despite its political complications, channeled Christian teaching toward concrete concern for the poor and oppressed.

When held lightly—non-dogmatically, open to revision, aware of their limits—such models are not prisons but tools. They help us navigate complexity, but they must never be mistaken for the complexity itself. The Chicago School economists who influenced policy in the 1980s offered valuable insights about market mechanisms, but when their models became gospel rather than guides, the result was often ideology that ignored market failures and social costs.

The question, then, is one of balance. Can aspiration be disentangled from absolutism? Can man dream without dictating, model without mastering, believe without binding? This is no easy task, for humanity is rarely a creature of balance. We veer, we commit, we grasp too tightly. The same revolutionary fervor that toppled the Bastille eventually devoured its own children in the Terror. But the remedy is not the renunciation of vision; it is the cultivation of humility within vision. It is the refusal to equate map with territory, model with meaning, doctrine with destiny.

If balance is the ideal, then it must rest not on detachment but on a deeper fidelity—one that refuses both rigidity and relativism. This is not a call to valueless existence, but to the most valued existence—one that honors core commitments through responsive attention rather than rigid prescription. The danger lies not in caring deeply about human flourishing, justice, or freedom, but in believing we possess the universal formula for achieving these goods. True fidelity to our highest values often requires abandoning our preconceptions about how they must be realized. It demands constant attentiveness to circumstances, genuine openness to what the moment requires, and the intellectual courage to adjust course when reality refuses to conform to our expectations. The principled life is not one that follows predetermined blueprints, but one that remains alert to the irreducible complexity of human need and the ever-changing demands of genuine care.

To live without models is to drift. To live by them uncritically is to be enslaved. Wisdom lies in the middle path: to aspire without illusion, to theorize without tyranny, and to seek the better without forgetting the cost of the best. In this fragile equilibrium lies the noblest promise of human reason—not to control the world, but to understand it more justly, and to live within it more wisely. And in that wisdom, to leave room for the truth that ever escapes us.

Pondering the Night: A Meditation with Morpheus

“Ponder, O Morpheus, the Night Sky” arose from a meditation on the nature of dreams, consciousness, and the silent mysteries that lie beyond both. Rather than seeking to instruct, this poetic work offers a dialogue — between mortal longing and divine wonder, between question and silence. In addressing Morpheus, the god of dreams, the poem invites not sleep, but contemplation: a shared pondering of the night sky, where the known fades into the unknown, and where even gods may pause in awe before the infinite. It is my hope that this work may serve as a quiet companion for those who have found themselves, at least once, standing beneath the stars, asking questions for which no easy answers are given — and finding, in the asking, a kind of sacred beginning.


Sleep (c. 1771). Oil on canvas, 129.5 x 96.5 cm (38 x 51 in). Cleveland Museum of Art. Depicting Morpheus
Sleep by Jean Bernard Restout (c. 1771). Oil on canvas, 129.5 x 96.5 cm (38 x 51 in). Cleveland Museum of Art. Depicting Morpheus

Ponder, O Morpheus, the Night Sky

“Beyond dreams lies a silence where even gods wonder.”

Prelude: The Summoning of Morpheus

Morpheus, Keeper of the Silent Looms,
hear now the summons not of those who seek forgetfulness,
nor of those who plead for soft illusions to cradle their weary minds—
but of one who, standing alone beneath the immeasurable firmament,
dares to bid thee ponder.

Ponder, thou Weaver of Shadows, the night sky:
the endless, ink-deep vault where Orion’s belt cinches the waist of darkness,
where scattered fires—blue, white, and ancient red—
whisper of secrets too vast for mortal tongues.

Not for dreams of idle comfort do I call thee forth,
but for contemplation;
to set aside for a moment thy ceaseless crafting of mortal visions
and lift thine ancient gaze upward,
where the silent percussion of dying stars
beats out the hidden music of creation.

For if thou, master of phantoms and bringer of luminous memories,
shouldst pause to wonder at that boundless mystery,
then perhaps the soul of man, frail and flickering though it be,
might dare likewise to ask:

Who dreams the dreamers, O Morpheus?
Whence come the visions thou bestowest?
And what lies beyond the last dream, beyond the last star, beyond the last breath of sleep?

Thus the greater query is born, trembling on the tongue of the sleepless,
yearning toward the silence that gathers all speech.

The Greater Query: A Dialogue with Morpheus

Soul:
If thou, O Shaper of Phantoms, canst be stilled by wonder,
then hear the questions borne upon my waking breath,
fragile as they are, yet earnest as the stars are ancient:

Who first whispered the dream into being, before ever thou didst fashion it?
From what unseen wellspring do the rivers of vision flow?
Are the dreams of men but fractured echoes of a deeper song,
or do they weave even now the hidden fabric of worlds yet unborn?

Morpheus (in thought):
Dreams are the trembling of the soul against the veil of the infinite.
They are not born of my will alone, Seeker,
but arise from the deep soil where memory, longing, and the first light entwine.
I but give them form; I do not summon them from the abyss.
Some dreams, frail though they seem, stitch the very edges of what is to be.
Mortals, in dreaming, unknowingly shape the unborn dawn.

Soul:
Is it given to us—dust briefly animated,
clay granted momentary breath—
to pierce that veil?
Or must we first unmake ourselves,
falling through forgetting, to be remembered by the nameless light?

Morpheus:
Beyond all dreams there is a silence
older than stars and deeper than death.
A silence not of absence, but of fullness,
where neither waking nor sleeping holds dominion,
and the soul, naked and unafraid,
beholds itself as it was before all weaving began.

There the true Dreamer dwells—
not I, but He whom none can name,
the source of all dreams, the end of all seeking,
the unspoken, the unseen.

Soul:
And if we seek it,
do we not risk all—memory, longing, even self itself?

Morpheus:
It is the risk of being lost to be found,
the surrender of knowledge to come to knowing.
To seek the Silent One is to set sail upon a sea without stars,
to abandon the safe shores of image and name,
to become at last what thou hast always been:
a breath upon the waters of infinity.

Ponder well, O Seeker,
for in the seeking, thou thyself becomest the dream,
the dreamer,
and the silence beyond.

The Blessing of Morpheus: The Sending Forth

Morpheus:
Go forth, Child of Earth and Stars,
go forth lightly, as one who walks upon waters not yet created.
Carry no burden save the yearning that kindled thy question;
bind no certainty to thy brow, nor shelter fear within thy breast.

Let dreams fall from thee like withered leaves;
let even the constellations become but distant embers,
for thou seekest now what neither dream nor waking thought can compass.

Take not with thee the names men have carved into the bones of the world,
for names shatter against the face of the nameless.
Take not the proud trophies of reason, nor the soft nets of hope,
for these will tear upon the thorns of the infinite.

Instead, take this only:
a heart made naked in wonder,
a mind made silent in awe,
and feet made light as wind upon waters unseen.

And know this, O Soul:
thou art neither lost nor found in this seeking,
for to seek the Silent One is to be gathered even now into His dreaming.

Thus do I, Morpheus, who weaves the veils of sleep,
send thee forth beyond all veils, beyond all sleep,
beyond the last trembling breath of mortal wonder.
Go, and become the question thou hast dared to ask.

Epilogue: The Pondering of Morpheus

And Morpheus stood long in the hush of the night,
his ancient hands unclasped, his brow unburdened of dreams.

He lifted his gaze once more to the immeasurable vault,
where scattered fires—blue, white, and red—
burned against the black breast of infinity.

He pondered—
not as god to mortal, nor as master to servant,
but as wonder to wonder,
breathless before a mystery he too could not wholly grasp.

In the stillness beyond weaving and shaping,
he glimpsed, as in the faintest shimmer of distant nebulae,
a vastness where even gods must bow their heads,
where even dreams dissolve like mist before the morning sun.

And in that silence, older than all his songs,
Morpheus smiled—
not because he understood,
but because he wondered still.

He felt a pang—brief and piercing—
a mortal ache for the fleeting fierceness of human wonder,
so bright and brief.

And so he pondered, and the night pondered with him,
until speech was stilled,
and he was lost—and found—within the endless deep.

Finding Humility Through Montaigne’s Wheat Allegory

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One of the most striking images from Montaigne’s Essays, which has lodged itself firmly in my mind, comes from his Apology for Raymond Sebond. Specifically, within one paragraph, he uses wheat as an extended metaphor or an allegory wherein he suggests that the more wisdom or knowledge one acquires, the more humble one becomes. He writes:

To really learned men has happened what happens to ears of wheat: they rise high and lofty, heads erect and proud, as long as they are empty; but when they are full and swollen with grain in their ripeness, they begin to grow humble and lower their horns. (Montaigne, 1963, p. 227)

The image captures what I have found to be my experience insofar as that, with each passing year, as my hair has silvered and my eyes dimmed, I have found that wisdom requires casting the certitude, rigidity, and knowledge of youth aside for the humility of lived experience.  

Additionally, I find the lesson to be an extraordinary corollary to my personal motto, about which I have previously written, Humilitatem Initium Sapientiae (humility is the beginning of wisdom).

Thus, having reflected if not obsessed upon Montaigne’s insight for well over a fortnight, I finally shaped my thoughts about it into a poem, the results of which are below.


The Ripened Ear
(Inspired by Montaigne)

Beneath the sun’s unyielding gaze, it grows,
The tender stalk, upright and full of pride,
Its hollow strength unbent by winds that blow,
Yet void of fruit, it stands unsatisfied.

But time, the patient sower, bids it yield,
To weight of grain within its swelling breast,
It bows its head, as on the golden field,
The burdened ear finds wisdom’s humble crest.

So too the soul, in ignorance, stands tall,
Unbowed by truths it dares not yet to see,
Until the harvest’s gentle weight does call,
And bends the heart to find humility.

For wisdom ripens where humility’s sown,
And humbleness, by wisdom, is full-grown.


Montaigne, M. de. (1963). Essays and selected writings: A bilingual edition (D. M. Frame, Trans. & Ed.). St. Martin’s Press.